Learning Objectives The immune system is amazingly good at protecting the body against the numerous pathogens that challenge us, but immunity also makes mistakes that…
Learning Objectives Chapter 15 and the previous sections in this chapter have introduced the various parts of the immune system and their reactions, but it…
Learning Objectives T lymphocytes or T cells are the second arm of the immune system and are part of what is called cell-mediated immunity. Their…
Learning Objectives B lymphocytes or B cells are the class of immune cells that synthesize antibodies and are responsible for humoral or antibody-mediated immunity. Antibodies…
Learning Objectives In contrast to the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system’s initial response to a pathogen is weak or non-existent, but as the…
In the previous chapter we introduced the immune system, where it came from, it’s primary goal and then explored the innate immunity your body has…
A significant amount of our bodies attention is devoted to preventing the invasion of the microbes that are living on us. In this chapter we…
Learning Objectives The next time you burn or cut yourself, make a note of the symptoms you observe in the damaged tissue. You will observe…
Learning Objectives Host defenses can be divided into two categories, innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity involves general mechanisms in a healthy animal that prevent…
Learning Objectives The Immune System Is a Complex Collection of Organs, Tissues, and Cells The immune system consists of a complex network of organs and…